生态型港口综合评价指标体系初探

基于上海市建设生态型城市的长期目标，将港口作为城市生态系统中重要的子系统，对如何建设生态型港口提出了综合评价指标体系。通过筛选得到45项单因素指标，针对不同类型的港区有所分异，整个评价体系分为5个准则层（生态环境、经济效率、污染控制、环境管理、社会评价）和10个因素层（大气/声环境、生物资源、基底质量、经济发展、生产效率、循环经济、污染排放、清洁生产、环保投入、社会参与），并采用AHP（层次分析）法确定了各层次的权重分配。进而根据2005年上海港年均生产状况和2006年上半年的港区环境－资源调查，尝试对上海港7种主要类型（集装箱、件杂货/成品、多用途、干散、粮食港区、液散、客运）的15个港区进行了现状评估。然而，生态港评价系统的指标选取、权重制定、评估级别等实践与完善仍需要多学科和政府职能部门的参与。最后，项目还提出了水生态健康、航道淤积、生态风险、水陆景观等非定量生态港评价因子。     

关于建立港口群环境管理机构的论证研究

港口群是区域经济发展的重要载体,其环境管理是港口群区域经济可持续发展的重要部分.现阶段中国港口群建设过程中出现环境管理理念落后、环境保护积极性不高、生态功能无序等现象,导致区域环境恶化,生态系统紊乱.通过论证基于港口群基础上建立环境管理机构的必要性与可行性,界定机构的目标、人员组成以及职责与运作,旨在为解决港口群现有环境问题、谋求港口群的长远发展提供一定的政策建议.     

珠海市近岸海域水环境现状及可持续利用对策

近岸海域水环境对沿海城市的可持续发展具有重要意义 .根据实测资料分析了珠海市近岸海域水环境质量的基本现状以及污染物的主要来源 ,认为造成近海环境污染的主要原因是随着经济的发展 ,污染源增加 ,加上缺乏海洋环境保护意识 ,盲目开发利用海洋环境资源所致 .海洋环境监测和抗污染技术落后也是造成珠海市近岸海域水质超标的重要原因 .为此针对性地提出了珠海市海洋环境资源的可持续利用对策对建议 .     

珠江三角洲典型区景观生态聚类分析

珠海是珠江三角洲地区一个海陆交互作用与人类干扰活动频繁的典型区域。文章以2000年TM数据为基础数据源，编制珠海地区景观类型图，并以镇(区)为基本空间单元将珠海划分为20个景观生态子区，在GIS与景观斑块分析软件Patch Analyst 2．0支持下计算各子区的景观特征指数。通过各子区的景观指数对比分析，探讨研究区范围内景观格局的空间差异，揭示人类活动、自然干扰等各种景观生态机制对区域景观生态的影响。根据各指数反映的景观特征信息，选择平均斑块大小(MPS)、斑块大小变异系数(PSCOV)、边缘密度(ED)、面积加权分维数(AWMPFD)、破碎度指数(F)、多样性指数(SDI)及人为干扰指数(DT)进行珠海景观生态聚类分析，根据聚类分析结果可多层次客观地对珠海地区进行景观生态类型区划分。     

Climate adaptation management and institutional erosion: insights from a major Canadian port

This paper performs an institutional analysis of the adaptation to climate change by ports, through a case study of the port of Vancouver, Canada. While previous literature has demonstrated the value of informal institutions for filling gaps left by formal institutions, the role of failed informal institutions has received less attention. Our analysis reveals how, in the case of an unprecedented challenge like climate adaptation, relying on informal institutions with less agency can actually erode the strength of existing institutions in a form of negative institutional plasticity. In this case, emerging polycentric governance was unsuccessful, unable to construct clearly demarcated responsibilities due to impedance by the path dependence of the current federalist system. The latter works well for traditional infrastructure investments with a closed pool of stakeholders, but not for ports where multiple scales of embeddedness, both horizontally and vertically, produce a collective action problem with no mechanism for resolution.     

2000—2016年珠海市酸雨变化特征及酸雨概念模型

为评估我国酸雨控制效果与发展趋势,利用2000-2016年东亚酸沉降监测网（EANET）的监测数据及同步气象资料,研究了珠海市酸雨变化特征及EANET中国网所有4个城市（珠海、厦门、重庆、西安）的城市降水化学组分特征.利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹聚类和潜在源区PSCF分析方法,研究了珠海市降水气团和酸雨来源,建立了珠海市酸雨概念模型.结果表明：①珠海市酸雨日数与频率呈先增后减趋势,2008年后珠海市酸雨污染程度明显改善,我国酸雨控制效果明显.②沿海城市（珠海、厦门）与内陆工业城市（重庆、西安）降水离子组分区别明显,内陆工业城市酸雨受碱性颗粒物影响较大.③沿海城市（珠海、厦门）酸雨为硫酸-硝酸混合型;内陆工业城市（重庆、西安）酸雨以硫酸型为主,近年有向硫酸-硝酸混合型转变的趋势.④综合酸雨降水HYSPLIT后向轨迹聚类分析与PSCF潜在源区分析结果可建立酸雨概念模型,有助解释酸雨成因.珠海市强酸雨主要受珠海市外的珠三角地区污染物输送影响.     

珠海市社会经济发展与资源环境的协调度分析

经济与资源环境协调发展成为研究热点，众多学者运用不同的数学方法对区域经济和环境的协调度进行了分析。目前这方面的研究仅包括经济和环境两大系统，未将社会发展作为独立的系统，且指标的选取未能体现区域经济发展的特点。根据珠海市的实际，对原有的协调度计算方法进行适当调整，得出珠海市社会经济发展与资源环境协调度发展的状况属于良好协调发展类中的经济滞后型。     

珠海市地下水中放射性元素及对室内氡浓度的影响

本文对采自珠海市16个地下水样品中的放射性元素及其它元素进行了分析,结果发现花岗岩基岩地下水中氡及其它放射性元素的浓度高,氡的平均值为1638Bq·l-1,最高达3900Bq·l-1.如果家庭中使用这样的水,其室内氡浓度将会大幅度增加.因此 ,建议在使用高氡浓度的地下水作为家庭生活用水时,应先用活性炭等物质进行氡吸附处理.     

New environmental performance baseline for inland ports: A benchmark for the European inland port sector

This paper presents the results of a collaborative programme of action between the European Federation of Inland Ports (EFIP) and the EC PORTOPIA research project to assist EU inland ports to enhance further their environmental performance. In order to achieve this goal, an environmental survey was specifically designed to reflect the operational and geographical circumstances of inland ports and to help to accelerate the culture of the reporting of environmental performance.The survey was developed to be user-friendly and practicable, and based on established good-practice taking into account the suggestions and advice of EFIP and its members, as well as the experience of the EcoPorts Network. As a result of the survey, an initial baseline of environmental performance for the EU inland port sector was established.A total of 27 port authorities participated in the survey, representing a range of port profiles in terms of size, commercial profile and geography. All response details were treated in strict confidence and the benchmark performance was reported as a European average. Results show that approximately 70% of the respondent ports declare that they have the major components of an Environmental Management System (EMS) actively in place (e.g. policy, inventory of legislation). An environmental index (1–10) has been calculated reflecting the performance of the sector in terms of the application of major EMS components. The average index value for the EU inland port sector baseline resulted in 6.Almost 67% of respondent ports indicated that they conduct environmental monitoring of different aspects, with waste being the most common. The survey results have also delivered the first top-10 ranking of environmental priorities for the EU inland port sector. It is interesting to note that also almost 70% of the inland ports apply initiatives to implement green actions. The outcomes of this paper are likely to be of interest to a wide range of stakeholders and decision-makers.